Task-generic and task-specific connectivity modulations in the ADHD brain: an integrated analysis across multiple tasks

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with altered functioning in multiple cognitive domains and neural networks. This paper offers an overarching biological perspective across these. We applied a novel strategy that extracts functional connectivity modulations the brain one ( P single ), two mix ) or three all tasks compared pattern of between participants ADHD n -89), unaffected siblings = 93) controls 84; total N 266; age range 8–27 years). Participants had significantly fewer connections (modulated regardless task), but more task-specific than other groups. The amplitude these was higher ADHD. Unaffected showed similar degree modulation as probands. were strongly reproducible at individual level controls, marked heterogeneity both siblings. reduced task-generic increased may be interpreted reflecting less efficient architecture due to reduction ability generalise processing pathways domains. unique index “effortful” coping strategy. displayed task profile probands, supporting endophenotype view. Our approach provides new on core underpinnings